Inoa Mea: Polyester
Ke kumu a me ke ano
ʻO ka fiber polyester, i kapa ʻia ʻo "polyester".He fiber synthetic ia i hana ʻia e ka polyester wili i hana ʻia mai ka polycondensation o ka diacid organik a me ka diol, pōkole no ka fiber PET, nona ka pūhui molekala kiʻekiʻe.Hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1941, ʻo ia ka ʻano nui loa o ka fiber synthetic.ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui loa o ka polyester fiber he wrinkle resistance a maikaʻi loa ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano, me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka hiki ke hoʻihoʻi elastic.ʻO kona paʻa paʻa, anti - wrinkle a me ka hao ʻole, ka lauoho paʻa ʻole.
ʻO ka polyester (PET) fiber kahi ʻano fiber synthetic i haku ʻia me nā kaulahao like ʻole o ke kaulahao macromolecular i hoʻopili ʻia e ka hui ester a wili i loko o ka fiber polymer.Ma Kina, ua kapa ʻia nā fibers i ʻoi aku ma mua o 85% polyethylene terephthalate he polyester no ka pōkole.Nui nā inoa waiwai honua, e like me Dacron o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Tetoron o Iapana, Terlenka o United Kingdom, Lavsan o ka Soviet Union mua, etc.
I ka makahiki 1894, ua hana ʻo Vorlander i nā polyesters o ke kaumaha molekala haʻahaʻa me ka succinyl chloride a me ka ethylene glycol.Ua hana ʻo Einkorn i ka polycarbonate i ka makahiki 1898;ʻO Carothers synthetic aliphatic polyester: ʻO ka polyester i hoʻohui ʻia i nā makahiki mua ka hapa nui o ka aliphatic compound, ʻo kona kaumaha molecular pili a me ka helu heheʻe he haʻahaʻa, maʻalahi e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai, no laila ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka waiwai o ka fiber textile.I ka makahiki 1941, ua hana ʻo Whinfield lāua ʻo Dickson ma Beretania i ka polyethylene terephthalate (PET) mai ka dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) a me ka ethylene glycol (EG), he polymer i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā fiber me nā waiwai maikaʻi loa ma o ka milo hehee.I ka makahiki 1953, ua hoʻokumu mua ʻo ʻAmelika i kahi hale hana no ka hana ʻana i ka fiber PET, no laila, ʻo ka PET fiber kahi ʻano o ka fiber i kūkulu ʻia i waena o nā fiber synthetic nui.
Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka synthesis organik, ka ʻepekema polymer a me ka ʻoihana, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻano o nā fibers PET pono me nā waiwai like ʻole i nā makahiki i hala.
E like me ka polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) fiber a me ka polypropylene-terephthalate (PTT) fiber me ka elasticity kiʻekiʻe, piha polyester fiber piha me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka modulus kiʻekiʻe, etc. polyethylene terephthalate fiber.
Kahua noi
Loaʻa i ka fiber polyester kahi ʻano o nā waiwai maikaʻi, e like me ka ikaika haʻihaʻi kiʻekiʻe a me ka modulus elastic, ke kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka hopena hoʻonohonoho wela maikaʻi, ka wela maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa māmā.ʻO ka helu hoʻoheheʻe polyester he 255 ℃ a i ʻole, ʻo ke aniani hoʻololi wela e pili ana i 70 ℃, ma kahi ākea o nā kūlana hoʻohana paʻa paʻa, holoi lole a hoʻopaʻa i ke kūpaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka impedance. , kopa, detergent, bleach solution, oxidant) a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion maikaʻi, ka waika nāwaliwali, alkali, e like me ke kūpaʻa, no laila ka hoʻohana ākea a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana.ʻO ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana ʻaila, no ka hana polyester fiber e hoʻolako i nā mea waiwai nui a me ka maʻalahi, i hui pū ʻia me ka kemika, mechanical, electronic control technology i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana, e like me ka mea maka e hana ai, fiber forming. a me ke kaʻina hana machining e hoʻokō mālie i ka pōkole, hoʻomau, kiʻekiʻe ka wikiwiki a me ka automation, ua lilo ka polyester fiber i ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka wikiwiki, nā ʻano huahana ʻoi loa o ka fiber synthetic.I ka makahiki 2010, ua hōʻea ka honua polyester fiber i ka 37.3 miliona tons, ʻo ia ka 74% o ka nui o ka hana fiber synthetic o ka honua.
Na Waiwai Kino
1) Kala.He opalescent ka polyester me ka mercerization.No ka hana ʻana i nā huahana matte, hoʻohui i ka matte TiO2 ma mua o ka milo ʻana;e hana i nā huahana keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe, e hoʻohui i ka mea hana keʻokeʻo;e hana i ka siliki kala, e hoʻohui i ka puaʻa a i ʻole ka wai i ka milo hoʻoheheʻe.
2) Ke ʻano o ka ʻili a me ka ʻāpana kea.He laumania ka ili o ka polyester ma'amau a ua aneane poepoe ka pauku kea.No ka laʻana, hiki ke hana ʻia ka fiber me ke ʻano ʻāpana kūikawā, e like me ka triangular, Y-shaped, hollow a me nā siliki ʻāpana kūikawā ʻē aʻe, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka spinneret kūikawā.
3) Paʻa.Ke amorphous loa ka polyester, ʻo 1.333g/cm3 kona mānoanoa.1.455g/cm3 i ka wā i hoʻopiha piha ʻia.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka polyester ka crystallinity kiʻekiʻe a me ka density o 1.38 ~ 1.40g / cm3, e like me ka hulu hipa (1.32g / cm3).
4) Loaʻa hou ka wai.ʻO ka wai hou o ka polyester i ke kūlana maʻamau he 0.4%, haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka acrylic (1% ~ 2%) a me ka polyamide (4%).He haʻahaʻa ka hygroscopicity o ka polyester, no laila e emi ana kona ikaika pulu, a hiki ke holoi ʻia ka lole;Akā ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka uila static i ka wā e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai a ʻaʻahu ʻia, ʻilihune ka hanu o ka lole a me ka hygroscopicity.
5) Hana wela.ʻO ka helu palupalu T o ka polyester he 230-240 ℃, ʻo ka helu heheʻe Tm he 255-265 ℃, a ʻo ka decomposition point T ma kahi o 300 ℃.Hiki i ka polyester ke puhi i ke ahi, wili a hoʻoheheʻe i loko o nā pahu, me ka uahi ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻala.
6) Mālamalama māmā.ʻO kona pale māmā ka lua wale nō i ka fiber acrylic.ʻO ke kūpaʻa māmā o ka dacron pili i kona ʻano mole.Loaʻa iā Dacron kahi kāʻei absorption ikaika ma ka ʻāpana nalu māmā o 315nm, no laila e nalowale kona ikaika i ka 60% ma hope o 600h o ka ʻike ʻana o ka lā, e like me ka pulupulu.
7) Hana uila.He ilihune conductivity ka Polyester ma muli o kona hygroscopicity haʻahaʻa, a ʻo kona dielectric mau i ka laulā o -100 ~ + 160 ℃ ʻo 3.0 ~ 3.8, e hana ana i kahi insulator maikaʻi loa.
Na Waiwai Mechanical
1) Ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka ikaika maloʻo ʻo 4 ~ 7cN / DEX, ʻoiai ua emi ka ikaika pulu.
2) Elongation haʻahaʻa, 20% ~ 50%.
3) Modulus kiʻekiʻe.Ma waena o nā ʻano nui o nā fibers synthetic, ʻo ka modulus mua o ka polyester ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa, hiki ke piʻi i ka 14 ~ 17GPa, ka mea e paʻa ai ka lole polyester i ka nui, ʻaʻohe deformation, non-deformation a paʻa i ka pleating.
4) Kūleʻa maikaʻi.Kokoke kona elasticity i ka hulu hipa, a ke hooloihiia e 5%, ua aneane hiki ke loaa hou ma hope o ka hookahe ana.No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa wrinkle o ka lole polyester ma mua o nā lole fiber ʻē aʻe.
5) Hoʻopaʻa kūʻē.ʻO kona pale ʻana ʻaʻahu ka lua wale nō i ka nylon, a ʻoi aku ma mua o nā fiber synthetic ʻē aʻe, ʻaneʻane like ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu.
Paʻa Kemika
ʻO ke kūpaʻa kemika o ka polyester e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i kāna ʻano kaulahao molecular.He kū'ē maikaʻi ka Polyester i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻē aʻe koe wale no kona kūpaʻa alkali maikaʻi ʻole.
Kūʻai ʻakika.Paʻa loa ʻo Dacron i nā ʻakika (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻakika organik) a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka solution hydrochloric acid me ka hapa nui o 5% ma 100 ℃.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-14-2022