Inoa Mea: Polyamide, Nylon (PA)
Ke kumu a me ke ano
ʻO nā polyamides, ʻike nui ʻia ʻo Nylon, me ka inoa Pelekane ʻo Polyamide (PA) a me ka mānoanoa o 1.15g/cm3, he mau resins thermoplastic me ka hui amide pinepine -- [NHCO] - ma ke kaulahao nui mole, me ka aliphatic PA, aliphatic PA a me PA aromatic.
Nui nā ʻano ʻano Aliphatic PA, me ka hua nui a me ka hoʻohana ākea.Hoʻoholo ʻia kona inoa e ka helu kikoʻī o nā ʻātoma kalapona i loko o ka monomer synthetic.Ua hana ʻia ia e ka mea ʻimi loea ʻAmelika kaulana ʻo Carothers a me kāna hui noiʻi ʻepekema.
ʻO ka Nylon kahi huaʻōlelo no ka fiber polyamide (polyamide), hiki ke hana i nā fiber lōʻihi a pōkole paha.ʻO Nylon ka inoa kālepa o ka fiber polyamide, i kapa ʻia ʻo Nylon.ʻO ka Polyamide (PA) kahi Polyamide aliphatic i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kahi paʻa amide [NHCO].
ʻO ke ʻano Molecular
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻili nylon maʻamau i ʻelua ʻāpana.
Loaʻa kahi papa o polyhexylenediamine adipate ma ka condensation o ka diamine a me ka diacid.Penei ke kumu hoʻohālike kemika o kona kaulahao lōʻihi: H-[HN(CH2)XNHCO(CH2)YCO]-OH
ʻO ke kaumaha molecular pili o kēia ʻano polyamide ma ke ʻano he 17000-23000.
Hiki ke loaʻa nā huahana polyamide like ʻole e like me ka helu o nā kalapona kalapona o nā amine binary a me nā diacids i hoʻohana ʻia, a hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka helu i hoʻohui ʻia i ka polyamide, kahi o ka helu mua ka helu o nā carbon atoms o binary amines, a me ka lua. ʻO ka helu ka helu o nā ʻātoma kalapona o nā diacids.No ka laʻana, hōʻike ka polyamide 66 i hana ʻia e ka polycondensation o hexylenediamine a me adipic acid.Hōʻike ʻo Nylon 610 i hana ʻia mai ka hexylenediamine a me ka waikawa sebacic.
Loaʻa ka mea ʻē aʻe e ka polycondensation caprolactam a i ʻole polymerization wehe.Penei ke kumu hoʻohua kemika o kona mau kaulahao loloa: H-[NH(CH2)XCO]-OH
E like me ka helu o nā ʻātoma kalapona i loko o ka hale ʻāpana, hiki ke loaʻa nā inoa o nā ʻano like ʻole.No ka laʻana, hōʻike ka polyamide 6 i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka cyclo-polymerization o ka caprolactam i loaʻa i 6 mau kalapona kalapona.
ʻO ka polyamide 6, ka polyamide 66 a me nā fibers aliphatic polyamide ʻē aʻe i haku ʻia me nā macromolecules laina me nā kaula amide (-NHCO-).Loaʻa i nā pūʻulu polyamide fiber -CO-, -NH-, hiki ke hana i nā paʻa hydrogen i loko o nā molekala a i ʻole nā molekole, hiki ke hui pū ʻia me nā molekala ʻē aʻe, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka polyamide fiber hygroscopic, a hiki ke hana i kahi hoʻolālā aniani ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
No ka mea hiki i ka -CH2-(methylene) i loko o ka molela polyamide ke hana wale i ka ikaika van der Waals, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaulahao molekala o ka māhele -CH2-.Ma muli o ka helu ʻokoʻa o ka CH2- o kēia lā, ʻaʻole like loa nā ʻano hoʻopaʻa o nā paʻa hydrogen inter-molecular, a ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi ke ʻano o ka crimping molecular.Eia kekahi, loaʻa i kekahi mau molekele polyamide ke kuhikuhi.He ʻokoʻa ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā molekala, a ʻaʻole like nā ʻano hana o nā fiber.
Hoʻolālā Morphological a me ka hoʻohana ʻana
ʻO ka fiber polyamide i loaʻa ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke ʻano he ʻāpana keʻa pōʻai a ʻaʻohe hanana lōʻihi kūikawā.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻiʻo filamentous fibrillar ma lalo o ka microscope electron, a ʻo ka laulā fibril o polyamide 66 ma kahi o 10-15nm.No ka laʻana, hiki ke hana ʻia ka fiber polyamide me ke ʻano spinneret kūikawā i nā ʻāpana like ʻole, e like me polygonal, lau-like, hollow a pēlā aku.ʻO kona kūlana mokuʻāina e pili ana i ka hoʻopololei a me ka mālama wela i ka wā wili.
ʻO ke kuamoʻo macromolecular o nā fiber polyamide ʻokoʻa i haku ʻia me nā ʻātoma kalapona a me ka nitrogen.
Hiki i ka fiber ke hoʻololi i ka elasticity o ka fiber, hana i ka fiber i ka luster kūikawā a me ka waiwai puffing, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka waiwai paʻa o ka fiber a me ka hiki ke uhi, pale i ka pilling, hoʻemi i ka uila static a pēlā aku.E like me ka fiber triangle he hopena flash;Loaʻa i ka fiber elima lau ka luster o ka māmā momona, ka manaʻo lima maikaʻi a me ka anti-pilling;Hollow fiber ma muli o ka lua o loko, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, mālama wela maikaʻi.
Loaʻa i ka polyamide nā waiwai piha maikaʻi, me nā waiwai mechanical, ka wela wela, ka abrasion resistance, ka pale kemika a me ka lubrication ponoʻī, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka lapalapa ahi i kekahi ʻano, ka hana maʻalahi, a kūpono no ka hoʻololi ʻana me ka fiber aniani a me nā mea hoʻopiha ʻē aʻe. e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana a hoʻonui i ka laulā noi.
He ʻano like ʻole ka polyamide, e like me PA6, PA66, PAll, PA12, PA46, PA610, PA612, PA1010, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a me ka semi-aromatic PA6T a me ka nylon kūikawā i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā makahiki i hala.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-14-2022